Abraham Maslow And Carl Rogers - 872 Words

Humanistic Key Figures: Just list the key people associated with the theory Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers Key Concepts of Personality Formation: This should be about two paragraphs discussing the key concepts of the theory and how they relate to personality development. Do not just list! Abraham Maslow developed a holistic theory. He believed that people have a set of basic needs that are prearranged in a hierarchical order. These needs will begging with biological need and would evolved to needs of safety, love, belonging, and self-esteem. These needs exert a strong influence on people’s behavior and personality. Maslow also exposed the concept of self-actualization (need to develop one’s complete potential). He believed that the need of self-actualization exist in every person, (Davis Palladino, 2004). Carl Rogers contributed with many concepts. Congruence – refers to the nonexistence of clashes between the perceived self and experience. It is essential for the application of growth and therapy treatments. Incongruence – refers to the presence of an inconsistency between the perceived self and experience. The self or Self-concept – The perceptions and meanings related to the self or â€Å"I†; three components: self-worth, self-image, and ideal-self. Self-worth (or self-esteem) – refers to the whet we believe of ourselves. Rogers believed that this was developed during childhood and formed by the interactions of the child and his/her parents or caregivers. Self-image –Show MoreRelatedAbraham Maslow And Carl Rogers1898 Words   |  8 Pagesadvancement of positive human experience. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are from a Humanistic way to deal with thought and are two of the organizers of Humanistic psychology. Rogers and Maslow occupied with an idea of self-realization and attributes and the prerequisites to accomplish it. They thought about a large number of the same inquiries sought after by constructive analysts, in what capacity can advisors manufacture moral obligation? Carl Rogers treatment created from his conviction thatRead MoreExamining Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers Theories863 Words   |  3 PagesI hereby will be focusing on Humanistic Perspectives by examining Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers’s theories. I will examine their theories, by starting with Carl Rogers’s theory then Abraham Maslow’s theory. I will also evaluate the human perspectives and apply Abraham Maslow’s theory to my o wn life. Roger’s Person-centred Carl Roger was one of the founders of human potential movement, he agreed with the main assumptions of Maslow but he added that for an individual to grow they need an environmentRead MoreHumanistic Theories Debate On Abraham Maslow And Carl Rogers1617 Words   |  7 Pages Humanistic Theories Debate Team B – Anthony Garcia, Becky Billison, Cher Keen, Britanie McKernan, Megan Groulx PSY/310 September 7, 2015 Dr. Sadie Fine â€Æ' Humanistic Theories Debate In the debate between Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, both whom are humanistic theorists that share a mutual interest in the teachings of self-actualization, will discuss the specifics of their individual theories regarding the main points, their contributions, and the criticism they have received about their theoriesRead MoreThe Theory Of Self Actualization Essay940 Words   |  4 Pagesare: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers and Viktor Frankl alone with many others. These three psychologist had studied and constructed the theory of self-Actualization and the meaning of life. They have agreed that self-actualization represents growth of an individual towards fulfillment of the highest need. Roger’s created the theory implicating, growth potential, by focusing on the, real self and the, ideal self, implying that this come with a full functioning person (Roger, Carl R., 2007) . Maslow, reflectsRead MoreBiological And Humanistic Concepts Of The Maslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1364 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality In this paper, I will show you how Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers agreed on the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and also the biological and humanistic approach. â€Å"The hierarchy of needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation, management training, and personal development† (Orana, 2009). Maslow’s book Personality and Motivation was published in 1954 introducing his theory of the hierarchy of needs. Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) first introduced his conceptRead Moresimilarities and differences between greece and ancient rome educational sytems2560 Words   |  11 PagesAn application of Abraham Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs to Carl Rogers 10 Principles of Learning An Application of Abraham Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs to Carl Roger’s 10 Principles of Learning Colin W Lambert Regent’s College School of Psychotherapy Counselling Psychology This paper was produced as part of the Foundation Course of RCSPCP Summer Intensive 2011 All correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Colin Lambert 34 South Molton Street London W1K5RG E-mail:Read MoreDescription in Detail of the Humanistic Theories by Rogers and Maslow1517 Words   |  7 Pagespersonal growth. People like Carl Rogers who have brought about person-centred theory and Abraham Maslow who has developed a hierarchy of needs, where he emphasized on self-actualization. There is an evaluation on both Rogers and Maslow theories, on how they are based on their own assumptions and views, and I apply Maslow’s theory of self-actualization into my own personal life. 2. Description in detail of the Humanistic theories by Rogers (person-centred) and Maslow (self-actualization) and theRead MoreEssay Development and Diversity1006 Words   |  5 PagesModule 2 Assignment: Development and Diversity The purpose of this assignment is to explain the main components of the humanist theory. Two American psychologists, Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers paved the way for this new approach to understanding personality and improving the overall satisfaction of individuals. Next, I will show how the humanist theory is used in the classroom and what problems are possible. Finally, a 3rd grade learning activity that uses some aspect of the humanist theory willRead MoreA Case Study On Shazad Hussain Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper presents a case study on Shazad Hussain. Shazad is a 41-year old who is married with two children. This case study will focus on the developmental theories of Erik Erikson, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers as they are applied to Shazad. Situational evidence from Shazad’s life is provided to either support or refute the theories of these renowned psychologists. A Case Study of Shazad Hussain In the following assignment I am going to conduct a human growth and development case studyRead MorePersonality Is A Of A Coherent Picture Of An Individual948 Words   |  4 Pages1960’s, psychologists such as Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers focused on the ways that â€Å"healthy† people behaved and reacted, as compared to Freud’s studies of â€Å"sick† people. Maslow and Rogers, who were deemed humanistic terrorists, were the first to genuinely study individuals in this way. While Maslow focused on the ways that humans progress through their needs, Rogers focused more on the environment in which individuals flourish psychologically. Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist who

The Benefits Of Cost Segregation - 997 Words

Advantages of Cost Segregation Cost segregation is the process of grouping or classifying assets into different categories for the purpose of calculating depreciation values, in a way that can be beneficial for the business, to an extent that can be allowed. It is a legitimate tax saving strategy that is often overlooked due to the complexity and lack of proper guidelines in the past. However, in 1997, the court ruling in the case of Hospital Corporation of America (109 TC 21) has set a precedent for many tax payers to pursue cost segregation. The key benefits of cost segregation are increased cash inflow, bonus depreciation, write-off provisions, and property tax savings. Background Assets such as land, factory, and machinery used in production are some of the most significant investments for businesses. Businesses must capitalize these long term assets and can allocate the costs over the useful life of the assets as they are subject to obsolescence, wear and tear. Before 1981, both tax and financial accounting calculations for depreciation were similar; tax payers choose one of the various methods available. In 1981, tax and financial accounting depreciation methods parted ways when Congress introduced the Accelerated Cost Recovery System (ACRS) for computing depreciation expense. 1 This later paved way for the MACRS – Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System, which is widely used even today. The method, recovery, period and convention of MACRS vary based on whetherShow MoreRelatedRacial Issues and Segregation in Schools Today724 Words   |  3 Pagescan be answered by, â€Å"I attend a Black school.† Schools are still segregated today, over a century after slavery ended, about 60 years after segregation was illegal. It takes time to adapt to such dramatic changes like being forced to integrate, but the fact of the matter is, school segregation is still an issue today. Having our children exposed to segregation from such a young age is a problem. It is important for everyone to see as human beings that this issue is not personal, but it affects usRead MoreUniversal Healthcare in the United States1615 Words   |  6 PagesAffordable Care Ac in 2010, the united States had an individual insurance market. It was the responsibility of the individual or their employer, to take care of their healthcare costs. On top of this millions of people could be denied insurance by different agencies due to pre-existing claims. Healthcare was expensive, but the costs were nothing compared to the medical bills owed by an uninsured person. Universal healthcare is a basic right not a privilege. Everyone should be given the opportunity to haveRead MorePersuasive Essay On Prison Segregation1490 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to segregation in prisons, there is a great deal of controversy. There are people who argue that this type of segregation (also referred to as solitary confinement) is necessary in certain situations, while others find that it is absolutely unnecessary and should be abolished. Ashley Smith was one such individual that spent most of her sentence in segregation until she took her own life. In the case of Smith, there was a lot more that should have been done to prevent her tragic demiseRead MoreTax Research Paper1650 Wor ds   |  7 Pagesbuildings.    When AmeriSouth purchased Garden House, they undertook a $2 million renovation of the units that replaced the cabinets, countertops, dishwashers, garbage disposals, vent hoods and kitchen sinks. AmeriSouth hired MS Consultants to do a cost-segregation study. Although the AmeriSouth had originally listed Garden House as a 27.5 year property in its records, MS advised the company to depreciate some of the items replaced in the renovation (such as sinks,  electrical wiring, outlets and paint)Read MoreUniversal Healthcare: The benefits Outweigh the Costs Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesAffordable Care Ac in 2010, the United States had an individual insurance market. It was the responsibility of the individual or their employer to take care of their healthcare costs. On top of this, millions of people could be denied insurance by different agencies due to pre-existing claims. Healthcare was expensive, but the costs were nothing compared to the medical bills owed by an uninsured person. Universal healthcare is a basic right not a privilege. Everyone should be given the opportunity toRead MoreWorldcom Capstone1137 Words   |  5 PagesWorldCom Inc. – Capitalized Costs an d Earnings Quality September 12, 2012 Concepts a. (i.) According to FASB Statement of Concepts No. 6, paragraph 25, assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by a particular entity as a result of past transactions or events. They represent probable future economic benefits controlled by the enterprise. According to FASB Statement of Concepts No 6, paragraph 80, expenses are outflows or other using up of assets or incurrencesRead MoreKoss Case Essay examples640 Words   |  3 Pagessimilar fates. Although there are situations where the cost would outweigh the benefit, I think it is still important for internal controls to be tested. There could be a provision for these smaller companies to have a smaller scale attestation of internal control effectiveness if they show that the costs outweigh the benefits. 5.) I think the big overall internal controls, especially in this Koss case, reside around lack of segregation of duties, appropriate authorization, and too much potentialRead MoreThe School Finance Reform Is Focused On The Distribution Of Funds Across Rich And Poor District Schools990 Words   |  4 Pagesdistricts would be given more funding but such aid may not trickle down to poorer students. Scholars view that equitable financial allocation would raise the status and quality of schools, both high and low-income. However, individual students would not benefit significantly from the reforms. Perhaps this was the reason the Kentucky Educational Reform Act [KERA] was passed in 1990 (The Politics of School Finance, 2016). The reform served the needs of poor students since funding was calculated on the basisRead More Segregation Essay examples824 Words   |  4 Pagesof law; nor nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Segregation is a violation of this amendment; therefore, making it unconstitutional. If segregation is unconstitutional then why is segregation still present in our school system? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Racial segregation is strongly linked to segregation by class: nearly 90 percent of intensely segregated schools for Blacks and Latinos are also schools in which at least halfRead MoreA Public Housing Building Program1101 Words   |  5 Pagesthe alternative, a public housing building program, would not work but by bringing in better rent regulation and controlling the greed of landlords might be solve the poverty in low income neighborhood. Also by improving wages and providing decent benefits while reducing the huge tax subsidies handed out annually to the rich. Desmond states two kind of freedoms â€Å"the freedom to profit from rents and the freedom to live in a safe and affordable home (2016: 308). Conclusion African-Americans in everywhere

Elephant Noises free essay sample

Sixteen months ago, the now-retired band director handed me a black case and said: â€Å"It’s an alto saxophone. You’ll play in the marching band in September.† It was June! In the three months before band camp, I had to learn everything: key fingerings, scales, quarter notes, eighth notes and dozens upon dozens of sixteenth notes. I was overwhelmed, but I had never given up on anything and wasn’t about to start. That whole summer, I locked myself in my room and practiced until my lips bled. Eventually, instead of loud, blaring noises that sounded like stampeding elephants, I started connecting phrases and making music. I had taught myself to play the saxophone! By the last week of July, I was feeling pretty confident, but as soon as I walked into the band room, my mind went blank. In addition to being wracked with nerves, I felt left out of the â€Å"band bond† that everyone else seemed to share. We will write a custom essay sample on Elephant Noises or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I became determined to prove that I could perform as well as everyone else. During camp I worked harder than ever, this time on the drill. I analyzed each step and highlighted the drill sheets. Every measure of my music was marked with the steps. For four weeks I pushed harder than I ever thought possible. My biggest problem proved to be marching and playing at the same time, which, unfortunately, is unavoidable in marching band! While part of me was sure I would never master this, the stubborn part of me was too determined to call it quits. Then one night, I amazed myself by marching and playing at the same time! I nearly danced out of formation, I was so happy! When the last Friday in August arrived, the night of the first game, I was still nervous. You would have thought that my sax had a vibrato, I was shaking so hard. I was determined, though, and focused on what I knew I could do. When the show ended, I hardly realized it. I stood at attention, every muscle in my body doing exactly what it was supposed to, except my face muscles. I was grinning from ear to ear. It was one of my proudest moments. As the football season continued, I smoothed out my performance and bonded with the other musicians. I was satisfied, and proud of myself. As we boarded the bus after the final game, I could hardly wait for next season. I continued to play in concert band, and as school let out, I found August sneaking up on me. That summer, I worked every bit as hard as I had the year before. This summer, however, the band was told to memorize our music. Before I could even say, â€Å"I can’t!† I decided to prove myself wrong, which, after much practice, I did! With hours of perseverance, I managed to get a handle on the new material. Still, on the first day of band camp, I felt almost exactly as I had 365 days before. This year, though, I felt more a part of the ensemble, and it was easy to work together as a team. Again, the last Friday in August arrived. Then it was halftime and suddenly, there I was with the marching band ready to start the show. That field show proved a turning point in my life. Since I did not have music three inches in front of my face, I was able to see not only where I was going on the field, but also in life. By the last note, I realized how much I had grown during the past year. Until 16 months ago, I had never really struggled with anything, but having to learn something from scratch, practically on my own, made me realize that not everything will be easy. It has become clear that if I want to succeed, I will need to try new things and take big risks. Working with the other instrumentalists also taught me to be part of a team and allowed me to rely on others, which I have always been reluctant to do. I have invested boundless time, sweat, tears and heart in playing the saxophone in marching band, which has pushed me to new limits, physically, mentally and emotionally. I have learned to open myself up to every aspect of a new experience. I have learned just how far determination, dedication and embracing a goal can take me. I have learned not only to help myself, but also how to rely on others. The lessons I have learned in marching band will help me in life, and I am grateful for the chance to have learned them.

Management Prospective

Executive Summary This report entails an analysis of HSBC Holdings, which operates in the banking industry. The firm has established a network of banks in different parts of the world. The report is organised into a number of parts. The first part outlines the company’s profile.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Management Prospective-HSBC Holdings PLC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A brief background analysis of the company is illustrated by outlining the firm’s history, vision, mission, and organisational chart. The second part entails identification of the major challenges facing the firm. The two main challenges identified related to employee turnover and exposure to risks associated with climate change. The report outlines and explains recommendations on the strategies that the firm should consider in dealing with the identified challenges. The report also outlines how the firm can enhance imp lementation of the strategies identified by incorporating effective managerial roles. Finally, the performance measurement of the strategies and ethical issues that the firm might encounter are analysed. Introduction HSBC Holdings is a public limited company that operates in the global banking and financial services industry. The firm was founded in 1865 and it operated under the name â€Å"The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation† (Reuters 2013). Its name was changed in 1991 to its current name, HSBC Holdings PLC. The firm has established over 9,500 financial institutions in Africa, South and North America, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. The firm has a human resource base of over 310,000 employees. HSBC has established a number of branches in the UAE. One of its branches is located at Abu Dhabi, UAE (HSBC 2013).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Vision The f irm intends to position itself as the leading international bank in the UAE. Mission Since its inception, HSBC has been focused on connecting customers with diverse opportunities, hence aiding them to achieve their dreams and ambitions. Moreover, the firm is committed towards supporting businesses in their operations. Figure 1 Organisational chart Source: (HSBC 2013) Challenges faced by the organisation In the course of its operation, HSBC faces numerous challenges emanating from the external business environment. Employees play a critical role in organisations’ effort to develop competitive advantage. Consequently, it is imperative for organisations to develop and maintain a strong human capital base. According to Griffin (2012), organisations should implement effective measures to discourage labour turnover.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Management Prospective-HSBC Holdings PLC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page L earn More A study conducted by Larissa (2012) shows that employee recruitment and retention are major challenges experienced by both private and public organisations in the UAE. Employee turnover has adverse effects on an organisations’ financial stability (Dan et al. 2013). It is estimated that employee turnover cost organisations 15, 180 Dirhams annually. Apart from monetary cost, there are other non-monetary costs associated with employee turnover. For example, employees who leave the organisation may join the competing firms. This aspect poses a major threat with regard to a firm’s competitiveness (Mollenkamp 2012). By hiring employees who leave a particular organisation, competing firm may access knowledge and skills critical to an organisation’s competitiveness. In a bid to achieve the desired level of competitiveness, HSBC should ensure that it develops sufficient competitiveness with regard to human capital, which highlights the need to formulate and a dopt effective human resource management practices in the firm. The second challenge facing the firm relates to the occurrence of climate change. HSBC operates as a credit lending institution. Consequently, the firm issues loans to both individual and institutional investors. Firms in the banking industry are associated with climate change, as they provide financial capital to investors who in some instances, invest in activities that contribute to greenhouse gas [GHGs] emissions (Saleem 2010).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In line with its commitment towards improving the customers’ life, HSBC does not discriminate with regard to issuing loans. The bank issues loans to virtually all firms in different economic sectors. In the course of operation, organisations have an obligation to operate in a corporate social responsible manner. Lawson (2012) opines, â€Å"Management without caring needs and expectations of stakeholders in a community will not be competitive compared with those who do in the 21st century† (p.103). Internal and external business environment SWOT analysis Strengths The bank has a strong capital base, thus it can perform well in the global market compared to other banks despite the recent economic fluctuations. The firm has effectively positioned itself in emerging markets. The bank’s presence in Africa, Asia, the Americas, and the Middle East has helped the firm spread risk by achieving economies of scale. The firm has developed a strong brand that is internat ionally recognised. Weaknesses The firm emphasises on developing a global brand. Some customers may perceive the bank as one that lacks personalisation. The firm recently announced a redundancy program that is likely to affect the employees’ morale. Opportunities The bank’s strong capital base presents a perfect opportunity for the firm to position itself in the global banking industry. The banks strong capital may enable the firm develop its client base and market share. Threats Occurrence of financial losses may affect the firm’s ability to meet its objectives. Declining investors’ trust on banks due to fraud and financial losses Increase in competition in the financial sector. Multinational banks are increasingly venturing into emerging markets such as the UAE. Internal  business environment The internal business environment is comprised of different elements, which include employees, corporate culture, the management and leadership processes , and employees (Hiriyappa 2008). Below is an analysis of the firm’s internal business environment. Employees The success of any business is dependent on the quality of human capital. Consequently, employees rank amongst the most important organisational assets. Therefore, it is important for organisations to ensure that their workforce has skills, attitude, and culture that align with the company. HSBC is committed towards developing a strong human capital base. Moreover, the firm is cognisant of the importance of ensuring creating an environment conducive for working (Craig Campbell 2012). Corporate culture It is important for firms to develop effective organisational culture. The organisational culture is comprised of a number of aspects, which include understanding the organisation’s mission, vision, values, and integrating effective management style. In the course of its operation, HSBC has formulated organisational values that outline how its employees should in teract with various stakeholders such as customers and regulators. The firm’s organisational culture has played a critical role in establishing a strong relationship with its customers and the community. Moreover, the firm has formed an organisational culture that is open to different cultures and ideas. In addition to organisational culture, a number of organisational principles guide the firm, which includes risk management, efficiency, speed, quality, customer-focus, integration, and sustainability. Management and leadership The firm has adopted an effective management and leadership style. The firm’s management style has enabled it to deal with changes emanating from the external environment. On the other hand, the leadership style adopted by the firm has led to the development of an environment conducive for working. Moreover, the management and leadership styles have contributed towards improvement in the employees’ level of job satisfaction (Tripathi Red dy 2006). Capabilities In the course of their operation, it is important for organisations to focus on developing their core competencies. The firm has developed a number of core competencies, which include quality, efficiency, speed, customer focus, and performance focus. These core competencies have contributed towards the development of a firm’s competitiveness. External business environment HSBC is affected by changes that emanate from the external business environment. According to Bates (2005), the external business environment can be categorised into two, which include the task and the general business environment. The chart below illustrates the sources of external forces facing HSBC. Source: (Bates 2005) The chart above shows that forces emanating from the external business environment affect HSBC. The two main categories of task environment include customers, suppliers, competitors, intermediaries, and the labour market. On the other hand, the general environment i ncludes the political, legal, economic, social, technological, and the international environment (Ekins 2000). Customers Harrison and John (2010) posit that customers are a key component in the success of organisation in a particular industry. In their pursuit for profitability, organisations have to ensure that their strategies are focused towards satisfying customers and ensuring that they achieve a unique customer experience. Failure to meet the customers’ expectations may lead to a decline in the level of customer loyalty and hence the firm’s profitability. Suppliers HSBC is cognisant of the importance of developing a strong relationship with suppliers. The firm has formulated a comprehensive and inclusive procurement strategy. The firm procures products and services from diverse suppliers and their relationship is robust. Moreover, the firm expects its suppliers to comply with the set of ethical standards. Competitors Businesses face direct and indirect competitor s. HSBC may be affected by competition from both local and multinational companies. The firm faces intense competition from a number of banks in the UAE, which include the Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank, Mashreq Bank International, National Bank of Abu Dhabi, Emirates Bank International, and the Dubai Islamic Bank. Increase in the intensity of competition in the UAE will have adverse effects on the firm’s ability to maximise its profitability (Hashmi 2007). The chart below illustrates a summary of the external environment. In addition to the above factors, the firm may also be affected by changes in the political, legal, social, economic, and technological environments. Political forces The UAE has a stable political environment, and thus, the firm faces a relatively low political risk. Economic forces The country has undergone significant economic growth especially in the real estate sector. Thus, country’s investment demand has increased significantly. Social forces T he country is largely Islamic. Islam plays a significant role in business. Technological forces Technological changes such as the emergence of online and mobile banking may affect the firm’s competitiveness. Legal forces The UAE legal system is not adequately developed compared to other countries such as the US. For example, court proceedings take a long time to be completed. Strategic considerations and planning In a bid to address the challenges faced, the following strategies will be taken into account. Organisational identification The achievement of the set organisational goals and objectives is greatly dependent on the employees’ behaviour, which is influenced by the extent of employee and organisational identification. Organisational and employee identification plays a critical role in motivating employees to continue staying in an organisation. In a bid to develop organisational identification, the firm will focus on improving the employees’ behav iour, knowledge, and attitude towards the firm. The following strategies will be adopted in order to minimise employee turnover. Reward management The firm will formulate a comprehensive reward management policy. The policy will comprise both monetary and non-monetary benefits. Some of the non-monetary benefits that will be considered include recognising employees who depict optimal performance and job promotions by conducting a comprehensive performance appraisal, thus ensuring that employees are fairly rewarded. The firm’s management team will also ensure that it is effective in executing its organising functions. The firm will ensure that the jobs are designed in such a manner that they contribute toward enriching employees (Carpenter et al. 2011). Inclusive decision-making HSBC will also incorporate employees in the decision-making process by seeking the opinion of the employees before implementing decisions that might affect them. Consequently, transformational leadershi p style will be integrated. Employee inclusion will play a critical role in minimising resistance from the employees and to ensure that employees are integrated adequately in the decision making process, the firm will ensure effective directing by nurturing communication, leadership, and effective supervision. Employee training The firm will also focus on assisting employees to achieve their career goals by integrating comprehensive employee-training programs. Through the training program, the firm will develop the employees’ skills and knowledge. Consequently, the firm will increase the rate of employee retention and undertake comprehensive control on its training program in order to ensure that it meets the desired results. Environmental sustainability The firm is aware that climate change may affect some of its customers and hence their ability to repay loans (Hitchcock Willard 2012). In order to deal with the risks associated with climate change, the firm will integrate the concept of environmental sustainability by ensuring that its operations do not contribute to environmental pollution, either directly or indirectly. First, the firm will be committed towards ensuring that its customers do not utilise the loans issued in a manner that contributes to climate change. Before advancing credit to its customers, the firm will require customers to outline how they will ensure that the loans issued do not increase environmental pollution. Secondly, the firm will be committed towards minimising the number of greenhouse gases emitted in its operation, either directly or indirectly by setting a benchmark of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 30% within one year. In a bid to achieve this objective, the firm will shift to utilising renewable and clean forms of energy such as biofuels, solar power, nuclear energy, and wind energy. By integrating such forms of energy, HSBC will minimise controls from the government (Luo 2011). For example, the firm will a void carbon tax and ensure that the employees are adequately motivated in order to continue working in the organisation. Performance measurement In a bid to determine its success with regard to implementing the above strategies, the following key performance indices will be evaluated. Improving the rate of employee retention with a margin of 40% by evaluating the rate of employee attrition per annum in order to determine the effectiveness of the strategies integrated in order to improve organisational identification HSBC will conduct a survey on its employees in order to determine their attitude towards the organisation and their job and evaluate the degree to which the strategies implemented have contributed towards improvement in the level of job satisfaction amongst the employees. The firm will also evaluate whether its environmental sustainability strategies have contributed to the reduction of ‘financed emissions’ by 30% within one year of its implementation. Eval uating the company’s rating by renowned rating agencies such as Moodys and Standard Poors on environmental sustainability Ethical issues that might arise Decision-making issues: some employees might compromise the decision-making process by making unrealistic recommendations and opinions, which may increase the amount of time required to implement a particular decision, and thus the intended outcome might not be achieved. Compliance and governance issues: despite integrating requirements for customers to utilise the funds issued in a manner that does not contribute to environmental pollution, some customers might not fully comply; thus, the firm might not achieve its goal. Integrity and trust: despite integrating a training program in an effort to increase the rate of employee retention, some employees might leave the organisation. Consequently, HSBC might not achieve its intended goal in designing the program. Conclusion This paper depicts HSBC as an organisation that is committed towards satisfying its clients. However, the firm might be subject to changes in the external and internal business environment. Consequently, it is imperative for the firm to integrate strategies to deal with challenges that emanate from the external and internal business environments. By integrating the concept of organisational identification and environmental sustainability, the firm will be in a position to improve its competitive advantage. Reference List Bates, B 2005, Business management; fresh perspectives, Pearson Education, Cape Town. Carpenter, M, Bauer, T Erdogan, B 2011, Principles of management and organisational behaviour, Deone Zell, New York. Craig, T Campbell, D 2012, Organisations and the business environment, Routledge, Chicago. Dan, O, Muyia, F Holmer, T 2013, Consequences of employee turnover in the banking industry; a review of selected literature. Web. Ekins, P 2000, Economic growth and environmental sustainability: The prospects for green grow th, Routledge, New York. Griffin, R 2012, Management, Learning Customer Publishing, Mason. Harrison, J John, C 2010, Foundations in strategic management, Cengage, Mason. Hashmi, A 2007, ‘An analysis of the United Arab Emirates banking sector’, International Business and Economics Research Journal, vol. 6 no. 1, pp. 1-12. Hiriyappa, B 2008, Strategic management for chartered accountants, New Age International, New Delhi. Hitchcock, D Willard, M 2012, The business guide to sustainability: practical strategies and tools for organisations, Routledge, New York. HSBC: Supplier information 2013. Web. Larissa, Z 2012, Human capital retention in the UAE, a brief review. Web. Lawson, K 2012, New employee orientation training, Routledge, New York. Luo, Z 2011, Green finance and sustainability: environmentally aware business models and technologies, Business Science Reference, Hershey. Mollenkamp, C 2012, High turnover among HSBC top cops. Web. Reuters: HSBC Holding PLC 2013. Web . Saleem, S 2010, Business environment, Pearson, New Delhi. Tripathi, P Reddy, P 2006, Principles of management, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. This report on Management Prospective-HSBC Holdings PLC was written and submitted by user Karla H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

In Reference to Her Children Critical Analysis Essay Example

In Reference to Her Children Critical Analysis Essay Anne Bradstreet was perhaps the first established poet to voyage to the new world from England. In her poem â€Å"In Reference To Her Children†, expresses the love and sadness experienced throughout life raising her children and her devotion towards her everlasting reward. Anne Bradstreet was very proud that she raised good children and instilled them with religious and moral values. Anne says, â€Å"I had eight birds hatched in one nest† (1). This infers that she might have raised her children mostly by herself. Bradstreet proves her pride and relentless efforts to raise good children when she states, â€Å"I nursed them up with pain and care, Nor cost, nor labour did I spare† (4). She’s trying to express her love for her children, even though sometimes it hurt her to use disciplinary action on them. She wanted to make sure that they grew up knowing that there are consequences for their actions. During her poem Anne Bradstreet expresses her internal conflict with â€Å"empty nest syndrome. † â€Å"Chief of the brood then took his flight,† (7) suggests that Anne’s oldest son had boarded a boat and sailed somewhere far away. â€Å"My mournful chirps I after send, till he return, or I do end,† (9) shows the beginning of her internal struggle with loneliness as she is awaiting his return. At this moment, Anne has realized that her children are now growing and beginning to move out of the â€Å"nest. † They are no longer dependent on her to survive. She is struggling to trust that they will survive in life with what she has taught them. Two of her children leave the â€Å"nest† for marriage. One â€Å"flew† to the academy to attend college. We will write a custom essay sample on In Reference to Her Children Critical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on In Reference to Her Children Critical Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on In Reference to Her Children Critical Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One â€Å"Is ‘mongst the shrubs and bushes flown,† (34) suggests that her fifth child became a forest ranger. With five of her children gone from home she felt as if part of her was missing, however she still had three children that remained in the nest. The pride and joy Bradstreet has for her children’s success increases as she watches them move out, but so does her loneliness. When reading Anne Bradstreet’s poem you can’t help but notice how much she brags about her children and their success. Anne watches each of her children until they are out of sight and waits to see which direction they disappear to. Bradstreet feels more and more empty and lonely after each of her children flies away, however she looks forward to the day that she can watch over them from heaven. In conclusion, Anne Bradstreet wanted her readers to feel the love she had for her children. Anne expressed her love and feelings throughout the poem in every way that she could. After Anne’s long struggle to let go of her children subsided and she left the nest in the end, Anne was rewarded with everlasting life and could watch over her children from heaven.

Complete List of FREE ACT Math Practice Questions

Complete List of FREE ACT Math Practice Questions SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Whether you're on a budget or just want to see what kinds of ACT Math study materials you can access for free, you've come to the right place. Though the internet is chock-full of ACT resources of dubious quality, we've collected and put together only the highest quality free ACT Math study materialavailable. So let's jump right in! Note: For guides and reviews of the best for-pay ACT study, check out our list of ACT study links, which includes all official practice tests, and our top picks for ACT prep books. Why You Must Use High-Quality ACT Math Materials Because the ACT is a very specific type of standardized test, it's crucial that you study using the right sources. Studying with the wrong materials is about as bad as not studying at all,and there are, unfortunately, a lot of poorly designed ACT prep materials floating around. So don’t be tempted by the many websites and programs, both free and paid, that provide ACT prep materials of poor quality. If you spend your time studying from inferior materials, you will not have a clear sense of how you’ll perform on the ACT.Proper test prep is about assessing your current level and improving upon it, but you won’t be able to do this if you get a false sense of your skill level (either higher or lower) based on low-quality study materials. In short, any practice problems that don't properly reflect the types of questions you’ll see on the ACT aren't worth your time! Knowing this, the absolute best study strategy is to use official ACT materials.The test is designed by ACT, Inc., and their free materials are far and away the best place to start. From here, you can then branch off to programs and resources that utilize (or closely resemble) this official material. Because you should only be studying from websites and programs that are as close to the source (i.e., the official ACT) as possible, there sadly aren't a whole lot of free materials available. That said, we've found a couple of solid free ACT Math resources you can use in your prep. Read on to see what these are! The 4 Best Resources for Free ACT Math Practice Here are four super helpful websites you can use to help you make the most of your ACT Math studies- and you don't have to pay a cent for any of them! #1: ACT, Inc. The creator of the test itself, ACT, Inc., should always be your first go-to website for any and all ACT matters. Luckily, they also have a good deal of free study resources, offeringboth complete ACT practice tests and individual Math practice materials. Free Official Full-Length ACT Practice Tests The five tests linked below are the only free tests available from the past 10+ years.Each ACT test includes an optional Writing section and answer key: ACT Practice Test 2015-16 ACT Practice Test 2014-15 ACT Practice Test 20-12 ACT Practice Test 2008-09 ACT Practice Test 2005-06 You might notice that there are missing years here (2006-07, 2007-08, etc.). This is because the ACT repeats tests for different years, meaningthatthe tests for missing years are actually duplicates of the ones above. Note: If you buy the third edition of theACT Red Book, you'll have access to five more official ACT practice tests, but this is obviously not free (around $30 on Amazon).You can also buy the more recent 2017-18 edition of the ACT Red Book, but this oneonlyincludes three practice tests whose questions often overlap with those in the practice tests above. Free Official ACT Math Practice In addition to complete practice tests, the official ACT website providessample math questions with answer choice feedback. These are a full 60 questions in ascending order of difficulty, just like a real ACT Math section. It's essentially another free complete ACT Math test with which you can study! We recommend solving all your questions on paper and then checking your work at the end, rather than checking your accuracy after each question. This method will give you a better sense of how you’ll do on the ACT (remember, you won’t get immediate feedback while you’re taking the actual test!). No need to worry about bills here- most of your ACT studying can be done for free. #2: PrepScholar ACT Blog At PrepScholar, we've compiled tons offree resources for all your ACT Math needs, including detailed guides on every ACT math topic. Our articles give definitions and explanations for major math concepts, offer examples of how you’ll see each topic on the test, and provide ACT practice questions with detailed answer explanations. Below are some of our most helpful content-related resources for the ACT Math section: Numbers Integers (Basic) Integers (Advanced) Fractions, Ratios, Rational Numbers, and Proportions Statistics (Mean, Median, Mode) Probability Sequences Algebra Single Variable Equations Systems of Equations Operations Functions Coordinate Geometry Lines and Slopes Reflections, Translations, and Rotations Plane and Solid Geometry Lines and Angles Circles Triangles Polygons Solid Geometry Trigonometry Trigonometry Formulas The 31 Critical ACT Math Formulas You MUST Know In addition, we have strategy guides to help you solve numerous ACT Math problems across the board: Plugging in Answers Plugging in Numbers You can also sign up for a free five-day trialforour online ACT prep program. This customizable program assesses your current strengths and weaknesses and adapts to your needs based on your progress. It also gives you practice questions tailored to your areas that need improvement and provides expert answer explanations for all questions. The questions we use in our program are all based on real ACT test questions,and, though the full program is not free, we guarantee you your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points. #3: Ivy Global ACT Practice Test This company offers afree unofficial ACT practice test. Although the math content overall is solid, some questions are slightly easier than those on the actual ACT. In addition, there are no answer explanations, making it hard to determine how to effectively solve questions you got wrong. Otherwise, this PDF offers helpful practice and is a great option if you've already used up all official resources. I recommend using itmainly to digintoextra math questions (instead of taking it as a full-length test). This will help you develop a clearer picture of what math concepts and question types are especially difficult for you. It should also be noted that unlike other ACT websites, Ivy Global does not require you to make an account in order to access its ACT practice material. #4: Khan Academy A partner of the College Board (the creators of the SAT- not ACT), Khan Academy is a great website to use forACT Math practice and review, as long as you know how to use it effectively. I say that because this free prep website only offers a program for the SAT, so you won't find any official ACT practice questions here. That said, you can still use Khan Academy to drill relevant ACT Math concepts and practice those you've learned. Since the ACT, like the SAT, has a big emphasis on algebra, you can use the SAT's Heart of Algebra and Passport to Advanced Math sections for relevant practice. For geometry (which makes up 35-45% of ACT Math), use the High School Geometry page to choose specific concepts and watch videos on them. Finally, for trigonometry, go with the trigonometry and SAT Additional Topics sections. OK, so you've got your study material. Now how do you best use it? How to Use ACT Math Resources Effectively: 6 Key Tips In addition to knowing what material to actually use (and what to avoid) for your ACT Math prep, it's important to know how to best utilize the resources you find. The following six tips will help you achieve your highest ACT Math score using the free prep materials available. #1: Take a Complete Practice Test in One Sitting Though you're probably mostly concerned about your ACT Math score, you still need to know how you'll fare over the course of the full ACT. Answering one or two ACT questions might not be overly challenging, but the test is a marathon: if you aren't prepared, you'll likely find yourself exhausted by the end of it. And exhaustion can cause anyone to make mistakes! So before you dedicate your focus to ACT Math alone, see how your Math score fits into the larger test-taking picture. Plus, a bonus: by taking a full ACT practice test, you'll also be able to see how your Math score does over the course of the entire Math section (remember, questions get harder and harder over the course of the Math test!). #2: Use Proper Timing As you take your complete practice test and any math-specific sections, be sure to follow the proper timing used on the real ACT. Here's a brief overview of how much time you'll get on each ACT section as well as how much (estimated) time you should spend per question: ACT Section Total Time # of Questions Time per Question English 45 minutes 75 36 seconds Math 60 minutes 60 60 seconds Reading 35 minutes 40 53 seconds Science 35 minutes 40 53 seconds Writing (Optional) 40 minutes 1 40 minutes As you can see, you'll have an average of one minute to answer each Math question,and you'll need to know how well you fit into these parameters before test day. It's not worth much if you can answer every question correctly but can't complete the test in time! Don’t worry if you run out of time while taking your first practice test- this is completely normal and gives you a place from which to begin and improve. If the trend continues, however, consider checking out our guide on how to stop running out of time on ACT Math. #3: Review Your Mistakes Taking a practice test is merely the first step. Once you're done with this, focus on identifying any patterns in your correct and incorrect answers so that you can see what and how you need to improve. For example, do you tend to get the last few questions wrong on Math? Dofunction questions always throw you for a loop? Whatever your case, dig deep to examine your errors, andtailor your study plan to drill your most challenging areas. #4: Target Your Areas of Weakness Your goal is to answer as many questions as accurately as possible, so dedicate the majority of your time to improving your areas of weakness. For example, if you're struggling to understand a certain concept, such as systems of equations or coordinate geometry, take time to review it and then use practice questions and tests to ensure you're getting it down. In addition, make an effort to prioritize the first 40 questions or so on ACT Math.Though each question is worth the same number of points, they get more and more difficult as you go through the test. Therefore, it's more efficient in terms of your time and energy to solve two questions in the 20-range than it is to spend twice as much time solving question 60. #5: Pace Your Studying Don’t cram all your studying into one day before the test. With a busy schedule, cramming might seem like your only option, but real improvement happens over time. And yet don't despair, either! No matter how much time you have left before the test, you can make a balanced study program. Start by looking at the time you have before test day. We generally recommend giving yourself at leastthree to six months to study for the ACT; this should be enough time for you to identify your weaknesses, take several practice tests, and review key content. Next, assign yourself at least three full practice tests in addition to your normal studying time, spaced out over the course of your time until the test. This probably won’t be possible if you only have a week or two before the ACT, but it’s still important to fit in at least one practice test or twowherever you can. If you're on an accelerated or last-minute schedule, check out our guides to studying for the ACT in a month andimproving your ACT score in 10 days. #6: No Improvement? Consider Using a Tutor or Prep Program Some students want to do all their studying alone, but for others this method is impractical. If the material doesn't make sense to you and you need extra guidance (or something to get you to make time to study), a tutor or prep program (or both!) can give you the final push you need to do well on the ACT and maximize your score.At PrepScholar, we offer both expert tutoring and a fully customizable online ACT prep program. As you weigh your options, remember to consider how much you should pay for an ACT tutor and when your ACT test date isso you can come up with a surefire plan that works well for you! There are many different study paths, and you'll find the right one for your needs!(maramao/DeviantArt) What’s Next? Want to best make use of your ACT study materials? Now that you've gathered some ACT Math resources, check out how to get the most realistic ACT experience in your practice. Bitten by the procrastination bug? Time running out until test day? Check out how to beat the urge to procrastinate and learn how to balance your time for your ACT prep. Looking to get a perfect ACT score? Take a look at our guides to how many questions you can get wrong and still get a perfect scoreandhow to get a full 36 on ACT Math(written by a perfect scorer!). Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

ENTERPRISE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL MANAGEMENT MODULE Assignment

ENTERPRISE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL MANAGEMENT MODULE - Assignment Example Entrepreneurs are very important as they contribute to the development of the society. One of their main contributions to the society is the generation of jobs apart form the various products and services that they offer. The marginal success rate of entrepreneurs raises various important questions – What do entrepreneurs have or do that makes them stand from rest of the crowd? Why only a very few succeed in being successful entrepreneurs? Do entrepreneurs have special personal characteristics or attributes that result in their success? This essay is aimed at answering these questions. The essay discusses the various attributes, behaviors and skills associated with the entrepreneur that is discussed in the literature. Various authors and researchers have tried to answer this question. This paper relies on their works to answer the questions raised above. Various authors and researchers have identified or argued about the characteristics of an entrepreneur. It is now a known fact that entrepreneurs have special characteristics that makes them successful in their ventures. Bygrave (2003) in his article states that it is the environment and personal attributes that shape the entrepreneurial traits in a person. Richard Branson in his acclaimed books repeatedly mentions that his success as an entrepreneur is due to his personal characters and attitude that he developed due to the challenging environment that his mother created in his early years (Branson, 2008). Richard Branson mentions various instances where he is mother created situations and made little Richard realize about the hard truths in life. Bygarve (2003) identifies 10 D’s or 10 personal attributes that can be found in entrepreneurs. Various authors have different takes on the entrepreneurial characters, but most of the characteristics collide with each other. Followi ng are the various entrepreneurial traits identified by various scholars in the literature: Dream: Dream is nothing

8_Sampling Strategy and Sample Size for a Qualitative Research Plan Paper

8_Sampling Strategy and Sample Size for a Qualitative Plan - Research Paper Example s are both the librarians and the library users, meaning that the study does not seek to obtain a sample from an unknown general population, which would in turn require that the sample is generalized to represent the entire population (McCabe, 2005). While the challenges facing funding and sustainability of library service is a common challenge for different libraries in different states, each library has its own unique challenges, which may not be generalized. Therefore, the aim of the study is not to obtain a representative sample of the population, but a sample that is unique to the Clayton County Library System (CCLS), in terms of exposure, usage and experiences. This is because; it is only such a sample that would be in a position to give both comprehensive and reliable information regarding the library. Thus, instead of seeking to have a sample population that can be inferred to represent the general population, the main target of the study is to delve into the intricacies of the experiences of the librarians and the library users, as a means of reaching an informed conclusion regarding the sustainability of Clayton County Library, so that a diversified structure of funding can then be recommended, based on this informatio n. Therefore, since the study is neither seeking a representative sample nor targeting generalization, the application of the purposive sampling strategy under non-probability sampling method is recommended for the study. The selection of a representative sample for this study is important, to ensure that the information gathered through the interviewing process is not biased. However, this is a secondary requirement as far as this study is concerned, considering that the main objective of the case study is to obtain as detailed information as possible, regarding the experiences of both the librarians and the library users. Obtaining experiences does not pose any major risk of biases, considering that sensitive information regarding the

Managerial Economics Essay Example for Free

Managerial Economics Essay 1) The elasticity of one variable with respect to another between two given points. It is used when there is no general function to define the relationship of the two variables. Arc elasticity is also defined as the elasticity between two points on a curve. The P arc elasticity of Q is calculated as The percentage is calculated differently from the normal manner of percent change. This percent change uses the average (or midpoint) of the points, in lieu of the original point as the base. 2) Definition of Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns A law of economics stating that, as the number of new employees increases, the marginal product of an additional employee will at some point be less than the marginal product of the previous employee. The law of diminishing marginal returns means that the productivity of a  variable input declines as more is used in short-run production, holding one or more inputs fixed. This law has a direct bearing on market supply, the supply price, and the law of supply. If the productivity of a variable input declines, then more is needed to produce a given quantity of output, which means the cost of production increases, and a higher supply price is needed. The direct relation between price and quantity produced is the essence of the law of supply. An economic theory that states as additional inputs are put into production, the additional return will be in successively smaller increments. This can be due to crowding, adding less appropriate resources or increasing inputs of lower quality. In More Laymen Terms As the saying goes, Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth, in any production there is a point of diminishing returns where just adding more inputs will not give the same income as it once did. Although many industrial firms strive to reach scale, where their size gives them a cost advantage at higher production levels, no matter what industry a firm finds itself there will always be a point where the additional gain from added input is reduced. 3) The prisoners dilemma is a canonical example of a game analyzed in game theory that shows why two individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interest to do so. It was originally framed by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher working at RAND in 1950. Albert W. Tucker formalized the game with prison sentence payoffs and gave it the prisoners dilemma name (Poundstone, 1992). A classic example of the prisoners dilemma (PD) is presented as follows: Two men are arrested, but the police do not possess enough information for a conviction. Following the separation of the two men, the police offer both a similar deal—if one testifies against his partner (defects/betrays), and the other remains silent (cooperates/assists), the betrayer goes free and the cooperator receives the full one-year sentence. If both remain silent, both are sentenced to only one month in jail for a minor charge. If  each rats out the other, each receives a three-month sentence. Each prisoner must choose either to betray or remain silent; the decision of each is kept quiet. What should they do? If it is supposed here that each player is only concerned with lessening his time in jail, the game becomes a non-zero sum game where the two players may either assist or betray the other. In the game, the sole worry of the prisoners seems to be increasing his own reward. The interesting symmetry of this problem is that the logical decision leads both to betray the other, even though their individual ‘prize’ would be greater if they cooperated. In the regular version of this game, collaboration is dominated by betraying, and as a result, the only possible outcome of the game is for both prisoners to betray the other. Regardless of what the other prisoner chooses, one will always gain a greater payoff by betraying the other. Because betraying is always more beneficial than cooperating, all objective prisoners would seemingly betray the other. In the extended form game, the game is played over and over, and consequently, both prisoners continuously have an opportunity to penalize the other for the previous decision. If the number of times the game will be played is known, the finite aspect of the game means that by backward induction, the two prisoners will betray each other repeatedly. 4) Third degree discrimination involves charging different prices to different segments of customers. This method of price discrimination is really an imperfect variation of the perfect type represented by first degree price discrimination. In this method different segments of customers are identified and each segment is charged price base on what price is most profitable for the company in each segment. The most common way of segmentation for this type of price discrimination is by geographic location. A very prominent example of this type price discrimination is charges for operations by surgeons. For the same type of operations surgeons and hospitals charge different fees depending on the type of hospital room and other facilities that the patient chooses during hospitalization for  operation. Other common forms of such price discrimination include discounts such as those for students or senior citizens. SECTION B: CASE LET 1 1) Demand theory indicates that the determinants of consumption are income (I), the price of the good in question ( pi ), the prices of other goods ( po ) and other variables such as tastes: i i q ï€ ½Ã¯â‚¬  q ( i o I, p , p , other variables). Consider the case of an illicit commodity such as marijuana. The consumption of marijuana involves risks of fines, in some cases imprisonment and, possibly, other costs associated with the shame of being caught. Consequently, the price of marijuana in its demand function ( p ) m should be interpreted as being made up of the conventional money cost ( p ) mï‚ ¢Ã¯â‚¬  plus the expected â€Å"other costs† per unit: 2) Legalization of marijuana would eliminate the criminal sanctions and penalties associated with its consumption. As this would decrease the â€Å"full† price, consumption would be expected to rise. Marijuana consumption is significantly higher amongst males than females – 60 percent of all males have consumed it, compared to 46 percent of all females. Consumption of marijuana is estimated to increase by about 4 percent if it were legalised; and by about 11 percent following both legalisation and a 50-percentfall in its price. Price is a significant determinant of marijuana consumption. Whilst marijuana consumption is estimated to be price inelastic, estimates of most of the price elasticities are significantly different from zero. Two types of price elasticities of demand for marijuana were estimated, gross and net. The gross price elasticity includes the effects of both legalisation and a price change, while the net version excludes the legalisation effect. The price elasticity of demand for marijuana differs significantly with the type of consumer. For more frequent users (daily, weekly and monthly), gross and net price elasticities are estimated to be  -.6 and -.4, respectively. Occasional smokers having a gross price elasticity of about -.3 and net elasticity of about -.1. Regarding those who are no longer users, they have gross and net price elasticities close to zero. For a given type of consumer, males and females share the same elasticity value. CASE LET 2: 1) In my opinion Yes, the Indian companies are running a major risk by not paying attention to cost cutting. To illustrate Comparing major Indian companies in key industries with their global competitors shows that Indian companies are running a major risk. They suffer from a profound bias for growth. The problem is most look more like Essar than Reliance. While they love the sweet of growth, they are unwilling to face the sour of productivity improvement. Nowhere is this more amply borne out than in the consumer goods industry where the Indian giant Hindustan Lever has consolidated to grow at over 50 per cent while its labour productivity declined by around 6 per cent per annum in the same period. Its strongest competitor, Nirma, also grew at over 25 per cent per annum in revenues but maintained its labour productivity relatively stable. Unfortunately, however, its return on capital employed (ROCE) suffered by over 17 per cent. In contrast, Coca Cola, worldwide, grew at around 7 per cent, improved its labour productivity by 20 per cent and its return on capital employed by 6.7 per cent. The story is very similar in the information technology sector where Infosys, NIIT and HCL achieve rates of growth of over 50 per cent which compares favorably with the worlds best companies that grew at around 30 per cent between 1994-95. NIIT, for example, strongly believes that growth is an impetus in itself. Its focus on growth has helped it double revenues every two years. Sustaining profitability in the face of such expansion is an extremely challenging task What makes this even worse is the Indian companies barely manage to cover their cost of capital, while their competitors worldwide such as Glaxo and Pfizer earn an average ROCE of 65 per cent. In the Indian textile industry, Arvind Mills was once the shining star. Like Reliance, it had learnt to cook sweet and sour. Between 1994 and 1996, it grew at an average of 30 per cent per annum to become the worlds  largest denim producer. At the same time, it also operated a tight ship, improving labour productivity by 20 per cent. Despite the excellent performance in the past, there are warning signals for Arvinds future. The excess over the WACC is only 1.5 per cent, implying it barely manages to satisfy its investor’s expectations of return and does not really have a surplus to re-invest in the business. Apparently, investors also think so, for Arvinds stock price has been falling since Q4 1994 despite such excellent results and, at the end of the first quarter of 1998, is less than Rs 70 compared to Rs 170 at the end of 1994. Unfortunately, Arvinds deteriorating financial returns over the last few years is also typical of the Indian textile industry. The top three Indian companies actually showed a decline in their return ratios in contrast to the international majors. 2 ) Fast moving consumer goods will become a Rs 400,000-crore industry by 2020. A Booz Company study finds out the trends that will shape its future Consider this. The anti-ageing skincare category grew five times between 2007 and 2008. It’s today the fastest-growing segment in the skincare market. Olay, Procter Gamble’s premium anti-ageing skincare brand, captured 20 per cent of the market within a year of its launch in 2007 and today dominates it with 37 per cent share. Who could have thought of ready acceptance for anti-ageing creams and lotions some ten years ago? For that matter, who could have thought Indian consumers would take oral hygiene so seriously? Mouth-rinsing seems to be picking up as a habit — mouthwash penetration is growing at 35 per cent a year. More so, who could have thought rural consumers would fall for shampoos? Rural penetration of shampoos increased to 46 per cent last year, way up from 16 per cent in 2001. Consumption patterns have evolved rapidly in the last five to ten years. The consumer is trading up to experience the new or what he hasn’t. He’s looking for products with better functionality, quality, value, and so on. What he ‘needs’ is fast getting replaced with what he ‘wants’ Categories are evolving at a brisk pace in the market for the middle and lower-income segments. With their rising economic status, these consumers are shifting from need- to want-based products. For instance, consumers have  moved from toothpowders to toothpastes and are now also demanding mouthwash within the same category. The trend towards mass-customization of products will intensify with FMCG players profiling the buyer by age, region, personal attributes, ethnic background and professional choices. Micro-segmentation will amplify the need for highly customized market research so as to capture the specific needs of the consumer segment targeted, before the actual product design phase gets underway. 3) Industies impressive growth in value added as observed in the previous sub section is not accompanied by a commensurate rise in the level of relative productivity in terms of the cross–country analysis. The fragmented nature of Indian pharmaceutical sector characterized by the operation of a very large number of players, estimated to be about 10,000 units of which just 300 units are medium and large sized7, may be a reason for low level of productivity. The other important factor for low productivity can be due to the nature of technological activities in the sector, which tends to rely more on process than product development. Further, it may be that Indian companies are focusing at the low end of value†chains in the pharmaceuticals like producing generics than opting for branded products or supply bulk drugs to global players than market formulations of their own. 4) The Indian textile industry has been one of the foremost contributors to the countrys employment, exports, and GDP. The industry has been rated as one of the key drivers of the Indian economy and a bold target of exports of $50 billion (currently it’s $22 billion) had been targeted by the year 2012 by the government after the dismantling of the quota regime in 2005. However we are still far away from that target. Though now it can be blamed on the worldwide recession, I think we need to do some soul searching as to was it anyways possible. Globally, the Indian industry is recognized for its competitive advantages, especially in the cotton segment. The government has set huge targets for the industry and expects to attract investments of about Rs 1.5 lakh crore during the eleventh Plan period. This would meet the export and domestic targets, while taking various initiatives like setting up textile parks, training centers, and ‘made in India label promotion’ to global markets. The Indian textile industry is facing tough competition in the US, as exporters from smaller countries like Bangladesh are cornering the lucrative market at a faster pace, a FICCI study said. In addition to China, countries like Indonesia, Vietnam and Bangladesh have managed to perform better than India in the US market in 2009, the study said. Bangladesh, Indonesia and Vietnam managed to increase their share in the US textiles and apparel import in 2009 year on year at a faster rate than India. The Indian textile industry will no doubt survive and move along by the strengths of its traditional position and domestic market. However, the growth envisaged and it being re-classified as sunshine industry over the last three years from a sunset industry may turn out to be a myth Section C: 1) A vision of the impact of free trade can also be gleaned from Nobel Prize winning economist Paul Samuelson (1970) who confidently asserted that: Free trade promotes a mutually profitable division of labour, greatly enhances the potential real national product of all nations, and makes possible higher standards of living all over the globe. It promotes a regional division of labor this means that some regions of the world (or countries) will specialize in certain things. They will specialize in areas where they have a comparative advantage. It enhances national production this means that countries will be able to produce more things if there is trade. That is because they focus on producing things they are good at and do not waste resources on things that they are not good at. It allows higher standards of living because there is more production. If there is more production, there are more things available to be consumed. Another belief in the importance of free trade can be ascribed to its  perceived indirect effect on peace, security and the prevention of war. One of the first articulations of this is by Baron de Montesquieu, who writing in 1748, stated: Peace is the natural effect of trade. Two nations who traffic with each other become reciprocally dependent; for if one has an interest in buying, the other has an interest in selling, and thus their union is founded on their mutual necessities. This theory of mutual interdependence has been explored in some detail by authors such as Keohane and Nye67 and is echoed in attempts to build and protect the mandates of global institutions seeking such co-operation. However few attempts are made to track the results of policy activities on whole population of States, and as a result the overtly negative impact on some groups, usually minorities and indigenous 2) The Decision Trees, used to help with decision making in business ( and many other areas), are a form of diagrammatic analysis. They are used as a tool for helping managers to choose between several courses of action. They provide an effective and clear structure for presenting options and within decision trees the probabilities and financial outcomes of these options can be measured. They also help to form a balanced picture of the risks and potential financial rewards associated with each possible course of action. In many business decision making situations chance (or probability) plays an important role, and the use of decision trees helps build probability into the decision making process. Pictorial representation of a decision situation, normally found in discussions of decision-making under uncertainty or risk. It shows decision alternatives, states of nature, probabilities attached to the state of nature, and conditional benefits and losses. The tree approach is most useful in a sequential decision situation. For example, assume XYZ Corporation wishes to introduce one of two products to the market this year. The probabilities and present values (PV) of projected cash inflows follow: A decision tree analyzing the two products follows: Based on the expected net present value, the company should choose product A over product B.

A Report On Cadbury Management Essay

A Report On Cadbury Management Essay The successful development of new product is the way in which companies can achieve competitive advantage. In NPD process there is a great. More than 40% of all new product introductions fail at launch. For effective NPD has to innovative corporate culture so that everyone in organization is confident to be innovative in their work. Cadbury takes innovation very seriously and it is a major part of Cadbury strategy for success. There are many ideas and some of them generated by chance. But, only few of the products make it through to the end of process. Further a product goes through this process, the more expensive it becomes. As products progress, the company is making an increasing commitment in terms of resources. Once a product is developed, the launch marketing costs are significant so a company must carry out extensive market research ensure a product has the best chance of appealing to the market. The following research reports suggest that Cadburys should launch a breakfast Bread aimed at the children and adult indulgence sectors of the market. Cadbury are used two types of research method. This known as Secondary Research and Primary Research Methods for customer research. 1. Secondary Research Method Secondary research is a method of research carried out by another company or organization. Secondary research is research done by a third party company. The information gained is then analyses and made available for companies such as Cadburys. The company may have to purchase this data from the third party source. More often than not though the government publishes papers with all the data and these are free for companies to view. Secondary research is often used because it saves time. It saves time because you do not have to go out and collect the data and then analyses it. It also saves money; fewer people are required to carry out the research. Cadbury using secondary data because it will save time and can prove to be better than collecting the data first hand. Cadbury intend to use the Out sources of data because they contain relevant information that require on the breakfast Bread market. Market Research Source 1 In the market overview of breakfast Bread. The report clearly shows that the market has grown. The most growth in the market in between 2001-2003 where the market grew by 6.0%. The 6.0% growth was well above the compound annual growth rate in between 2004-2006. The compound annual growth rate this period was 3.7%. This research is significant to Cadburys because it shows the breakfast Bread market has been growing for the past 5 years. The figures also give reason to believe that the market will keep growing for years to come but at a slower rate. The research report supports the argument that Cadburys should launch a new breakfast Bread. The figures show an increase in growth. Market Research Source 2 In Second market research executive summary of the breakfast Bread market, the market is referred to as being a well established grocery sector. This means it is going to have to be something big to stop growth and induce a steep decline in the breakfast Bread market. The research also shows that breakfast Bread sales account for an estimated 63% this is almost two thirds of the sector. The research says that the breakfast Bread market has become static it gives reasons for this. The main reason being because of intensive price cutting initiatives. The breakfast Bread manufactures have also diversified into other areas of the market, mainly aiming new products at people who skip breakfast or eat their breakfast at their desk in the office. This report shows that In this sector Cadburys want to launch their breakfast Bread, the main growth has come from niche products. The main breakfast Bread growth has come from organic Bread and adult indulgence products. The report states that breakfast Bread have shown a volume growth but have shown a decline in value growth. This means people are buying more Bread but due to lower prices the value has declined. This report estimates there will be a decline in volume growth over the next few years as well. This report however does show that there is still a lot of life left in the breakfast Bread market in some sectors with the childrens varieties and adult indulgence favoring very well. The UK retail sales of these two areas of the market show a growth over the past few years and it is estimated by this report. This growth will continue. This Report shows that Bread Partner lead the way in two areas of market, the share of the manufacturers market and share of the retail market. This means that Bread Partner is the top dog in the breakfast Bread market. Bread Partner has however seen a decline in their share of the market over the last two years. The Bread Partner range leads the way in the breakfast Bread market with the main Bread Partner label Brad taking 9.0% of the market. This is not the best selling breakfast Bread though. The best selling breakfast Bread is the Bread Partners Shredded Wheat range. The range takes in 11.1% of the total retail sales. The report supports the argument of Cadburys launching a breakfast Bread as long as it is aimed at the correct segment of the market. That of course is being the childrens varieties and adult indulgent. Due to the competition in this area of the market Cadburys may not enter the market. 2. Primary Research Method Primary research is data retrieve by doing some fieldwork. Primary research can often prove more relevant than secondary research because the primary research can be co-ordinate to the facts and data you want to retrieve. Cadbury using primary research to get data because often secondary sources are used by other companies as well, for Cadburys this could mean that Nestle and Mars are using the same research. These are not good because they could find a niche market before Cadbury has and take the custom. Primary research means all the data that is collected is kept confidential within Cadburys and the competitors do not know what has been collected. Primary research is often better because the questions and data collected can be different from that of the competitors and therefore can prove to be more rewarding in finding a gap in the market and to launch a new product. The main findings from this primary research are as follows: Cadburys need to work on the promotional aspects of his products. There are not enough competitions for the consumers. Cadburys also need to be more competitive with the pricing of their products. Overall though the taste of the products, Packaging on the products and the current advertising is very good. Cadburys should really aim to provide a Bread, which tastes as good as the current range of products, but also be healthy and have good nutritional content. The price to begin with should be very low and competitive to attract new customers and then as the product becomes much better established the product price should increase. In this part produce a SWOT and PEST analysis to analyse the factors that may prevent Cadburys launching a product into the breakfast Bread market. A SWOT analysis is a general and quick examination of a company so they can get accurate information on their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It analyses the internal strengths and weaknesses, and the external opportunities and threats Cadburys has a world known brand name that is associated with quality. Cadburys also have a large distribution and its bars can be found all over the world. Cadburys has a very good customer service centre and has a large variety of chocolate bars to suit everyones taste. Cadburys is the biggest name in the chocolate market and is the market leader. Cadburys has very effective promotions on their products. Cadburys has a very good research and development department leading to new products. Cadburys has built its name around a high quality almost faultless product quality. Cadburys has its products priced higher than most of its other competitors. A large range of the Cadburys products has reached the maturity stage of its life cycle. The costs of the company are too high. Cadburys are making a low profit per bar due to the high costs. Cadburys has still got a lot large room for expansion into South Africa, Asia and South American regions. Cadburys could look to develop new products in new markets. Due to the growing product range Cadburys could launch new products. Cadburys could diversify into new markets e.g. Breakfast Bread Market. Cadburys have got a lot of competitors in the market and must be wary of their position as market leader. The pricing on their products is too high Cadburys could lose sales if a competitor was to launch a new product to rival Cadburys best sellers. Legislation on ingredients could cause huge problems. Healthier options could cause problems to Cadburys with trends tending to favour the new healthier options. New products from competitors could cause problems to Cadburys as they could begin to lose their market share. A PEST analysis shows the external factors outside a company that could affect the business. PEST stands for Political, Economical, Social and Technological. This part of the PEST analysis deals with the government influences. These are the laws and the recent changes in the laws: The main laws that will affect Cadburys are the consumer protection law. These influence changes in food labelling. The food labelling shouldnt be too influential as expect Cadburys to label all their goods properly to begin with. Changes in manufacturing laws will also greatly influence Cadburys as they may have to change the way they produce their Bread. This could lead to the introduction of new mechanical equipment being required or more thorough checks on the current equipment. If new equipment is required it could prove to be very expensive. The Weights and Measures Act: This act should not affect Cadburys a great deal as all the equipment and scales used should already be at that of the highest standard. The Trade Description Act- This again should not affect Cadburys, as all the labelling on the products should be correct and thorough giving all the ingredients.The Sale of Goods Act:- These state that Cadburys should not mislead the consumer. There are currently 3 conditions. If the government was to introduce a few more it could prove to affect Cadburys. On the whole though the main act Cadburys should be aware of is the Weights and Measures Act, and the Food Safety Act. I have mentioned these two as being the most important because Cadburys are a straight forward, honest company. They dont want to jeopardise their reputation by doing some dodgy business. Thats why changes in the weights and measures act and food safety act are all they should be aware of. They should check their equipment regularly and check the food safety regulations. This part of the PEST analysis deals with a range of external factors in the economy. The state of the economy is the main factor. If the country were to go into recession the consumer spending would also drop due to the unemployment. The recession would bring down the sales of a lot of goods mainly the expensive things, which are not a necessity. (E.g. the food manufacture industry would have a major decline in sales, as would the tourism industry and the clothes industry.) The current economy is well in favour of Cadburys launching a breakfast Bread. The interest rates are low and consumer spending is very high. Other economic factors that could affect Cadburys launching a product would be a rise in inflation. This is a rise in price over time. There is a variety of different social influences, which could affect the consumer, and in turn Cadburys. A good example of this is the change in eating habits. The primary and secondary research both show that consumers are moving towards healthier eating habits. The research shows people want a healthy breakfast Bread. The increase in computers and the Internet could influence sales. The number of transactions taking place over the Internet is high and people can now buy their shopping over the Internet. The use of automation in factories could influence Cadburys as they could produce more Bread with a smaller work force. The main factors, which could stop Cadburys launching a breakfast Bread, are the strength of its competitors. As per primary research and some secondary research show that the top 3 in the breakfast Bread market are Kelloggs, Weetabix and Bread Partner. Cadbury spending money on research and development for remove some potential problems later in to the process of creating a new product. Cadbury make sure about ingredients and machinery that available and product reach to customer in good condition. Legal Compliance advise on the product is safe and legal. The product name is unique and international use. The product lives up to the claims being made about it. Involving this department Cadbury safe his self and away from trouble. Cadbury fell more confident about launching product. Cadburys used all latest technology. Development teams up to date with all the latest developments in technology. So it can make it possible to create innovative products or packaging. New materials and finishes present new design opportunities and possibilities. Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools are used to produce designs. It can be used to create an image of how a product might look on the shop shelf to see how well it will stand out. Before the introduction of computer control, manufacture involved a series of operations individually supervised at separate control points. Now, many processes on the production line can be undertaken by machinery, supervised by one person from a control room full of computer screens. The use of computers to perform fast, accurate, repeatable production processes reduces the possibility of human error and helps make sure that the product is always exactly the same. The training production department have expense on sources and buy ingredients row material. They sets up and monitors the machines and perform quality control test Like Product weight, Temperature and sampling the final product. Sales team works for contacting potential suppliers to encourage them to stock the product. They negotiate contracts and sales agreements and maintain relatationships with distributors. Cadbury uses choose Cadbury to highlight the positive emotional value of their brand however Cadbury has various product range that meets the needs of every consumer from adult down to the children, they also produce different range of products during different seasons/ festive period, for example: Christmas, Easter, and other calendar landmark to motivate their customers. The choose Cadbury strategy is used to build a link between chocolate and different events to ensure theres a Cadbury chocolate product suitable and available for every occasion. This is the distribution channel used to get goods to customers. It must be in place before a product is launched. Cadburys already had an wide network of wholesaler and retailers. These provided a distribution system for breakfast Bread. The breakfast Bread should be marketed strongly in supermarkets and convenience stores as these are the places where Bread tend to be bought. With all elements in place breakfast Bread was launched in March 2010. New product development is both a lengthy and expensive process. It always contains an element of risk. However if carried out correctly product development leads to increased sales and profits. For Cadbury the process has resulted in a unique new product being successfully developed and integrated into the product portfolio. Snowflake has made a successful launch in the marketplace and will undoubtedly contribute to Cadburys future success. Cadbury continuing to develop the chocolate bar in order to increase the marker share of the confectionary market sector. Cadburys is a well known quality product and has used this as its unique selling point. However, competitors are now also being associated with quality and brand names. For instance, Mars has developed Galaxy a milk chocolate bar similar to Dairy Milk which is also a milk chocolate bar, this product is also associated with quality and developed a brand name for itself. Cadbury Schweppes reorganizing its business by separating in to two brands to make its self more efficient and add more value to the company. Cadbury could be worth around  £7bn and Schweppes could be valued at  £9bn so by doing that Cadbury can get better results in sweet business and Schweppes can be more profitable in beverage business. As a result of breaker in to two company shareholders will have two different shares, if everything goes well shareholders rise their profit much more than past Cadbury Schweppes one of the most important long term strategy is expanding its market share and make its brand more global, because of that Cadbury Schweppes bought Turkish gum giant which has nearly 50 per cent Turkish gum market. Also it aim to control and reach Middle East, Eastern Europe and Russia markets. In addition, Cadbury wants to get valuable cutting-cost techniques from Turkish company by adopting its business. Cadbury is very successful at this as it just about always satisfies their customers needs. Like for the Flake it mostly appeals to women so on occasions such as Christmas, Easter and Valentines Day the Flake is far more popular in all of the confectionery shops. This shows that Cadbury is successfully selling their products at the right time, of which this also the time periods of their peak sales. Cadbury are also very well known for their very competitive prices which are reasonable and in some cases far cheaper and healthier than other leading brands such as Nestle and Mars For instance, consumers now demand foods that are low in fat or calories and salt. The role of managerial judgement in making due allowance for intangibles is clearly important, and could materially be affected if the Cadbury recommendations were followed. The majority of firms felt that existing methods of appraising AMT investments did allow a fair comparison with conventional alternatives, 87 per cent taking this view with only one in eight finding their methods at fault. While respondents might not be expected to condemn practice in their own companies, the size of the affirmative response may reflect the view that sufficient informal flexibility is used. If so, judgement may simply override financial appraisals rather than being incorporated in a more sophisticated manner.(1993, Pike, p.141) The survey confirmed trends in the use of appraisal methods and showed the distinct perceptions of influencing factors held by firms. A slow pace of adjustment was revealed within companies and the financial environment to capital investment decision making and the financi al requirements on such investments.(1991, Primrose, p.45) The effects of interest rate changes on investment decision making are muted and, with exceptions, more indirect than direct. This at best damped adjustment is not necessarily illogical for individual firms, but the effects are more widespread. With manufacturing investment at lower than desirable levels, economic recovery is jeopardized by capacity constraints and macroeconomic responses to consequent inflationary and balance of trade pressures.

Evolution of globalization

In 1492 the process of globalization began when Christopher Columbus unintentionally â€Å"discovered† the â€Å"new world†. The   cultures   of   the Nahua, Inca, Maya, and Spanish   peoples during the contact and conquest periods (1400s-1600s) was one of the factor that led to globalization.   The different   cultural, economic, social, philosophical, and political systems of these peoples, both before and after conquest  Ã‚   cast an shadow of   these cultures, though conquered, shape the Spanish-American colonial system as it developed in these regions. The blend of different civilizations: The present linguistic situation in ‘Merida’ has engrossed its roots from the pre-colonial period of Mexico. The first   Crenellation   took   place   during the final voyage of, Christopher Columbus in the year 1502.   When his ships entered   Spain   the people over there didn’t know they were listening to the Mayan language. The first Mayan word they heard was â€Å"turquin† which translates to gold and money as wealth was the main goal of Christopher’s expeditions. Two Spanish explorers who were stranded in Mayan land   were     later found by conquistador Cortes . One of the stranded explorers was Aguilar who served as a interpreter between the two civilizations. Later ‘castellano’ language was developed and till now it is in use. The two entirely different civilizations was plunged as thick roots into the nation. Castellano Vs Maya-Yucateco : The new linguistic politics began with the catholic missionaries in the sixteenth century The Spanish priests had to learn the language of the pupils who were mostly Mayans. Formal studies of Maya- Yucateco   was done and the first dictionary was brought out in 1546. The colonization of Yucatan   was mainly   because of   the Mendicant   Landa. The learning of Maya-Yucateco continued until the eighteenth century . For many reasons there was little teaching of ‘castellano’ language to the Mayans . Linguists have divided the variations spoken by Mayans into 30 different languages. They are all included in generic term ‘Maya’. Discrimination: The language was one of the factor that     divided people from the globalization. There were the people who supported the Mayan literature and some saying that ‘castellano’   Ã‚  was something uncontrollable and inevitable, the product of modernization. Discrimination arouse for the Mayans in Merida. They were denied access to certain places and discouraged from being in others. This is a situation that is still in the existence. Mayans developed a passive resistant syncretism to the spiritual conquest that was imposed upon them. Though cultures accepted military defeat, but in an effort to keep some semblance of former lives pays a service to the Spaniard religion, still practicing the hated idolatry in secret. While the conquerors were assimilating Mayans, the Mayans were assimilating the conquerors religion.this resulted in the extension of the interrogation by Spaniards to the new world in   paradox   of     Christianity   at the time. Conclusion  Ã‚   : The evolution invoked by Christopher Columbus led to globalizationIn turn it resulted in a revolution that brought discrimination Until now it continues to be the present situation.   The endless †¦